– Dura-Europos captured by Parthians, the Roman province of Asia is created – Mithradates II receives an envoy from the emperor of China – Chinese ambassador Chang Ch'ien visits the Oxus (modern Amu Dar'ya) river valley, finds Yüeh-chih already occupying northern bank (south bank occupation completed by 100 B.C.) – Antiochus VII attacks Parthia but is defeated and killed Invasion of Yüeh-chih, allied to Phraates II. – Parthian retribution against Heliocles I. – War between Parthians and Seleucids with Bactrian participation – Demetrius II attacks Parthia but is defeated and taken prisoner – Heliocles, with princess Laodike, is installed as steward for semiautonomous Bactria under Parthian hegemony – Mithradates I invades Bactria, dethrones Eucratides II – Rome destroys Corinth, the last Greek city-state – In the Indus valley, Menander founds a Indo-Greek kingdom (lasting to 50 B.C.) – Jewish priest Maccabaeus (Mattathias of Modin) begins a revolt against Antiochus IV's anti-Judaic measures – Antiochus ignominiously killed (3 or 4 July) while pillaging a local sanctuary in Elymais Antiochus pays a large indemnity, loses his fleet, and effectively surrenders Asia Minor to the profit of Pergamum, Rhodes – and Rome – Roman settlement of Asia by the Peace of Apamea (Phrygia). – Antiochus, totally defeated by Scipios at the battle of Magnesia ad Sipylum, surrenders his holdings in Europe and Asia as far as the Taurus Mountains – Antiochus' fleet defeated at Myonnesus (September)
– Antiochus defeated by the Romans and their allies at Thermopylae (April) and driven out of Greece – Rome wars against Antiochus III, Seleucid king of Syria – Rosetta stone records coronation of Ptolemy V in Egypt – Seleucid victory at Panium ends the Fifth Syrian War Egypt loses Coele-Syria for good, though retaining Cyprus – Eratosthenes of Cyrene accurately calculated the circumference of the world The Xiongnu, later called Huns, rise to power in Central Asia and invade Chinese western border regions.Greek city-states come under Roman rule.Domestication of the Bactrian and Arabian camel, vital for desert travel.– Roman authors write about showers of stones falling from the sky, terrifying local population Senate orders a conical meteorite known as the Needle of Cybele, worshipped in Asia Minor, be brought to Rome – Han dynasty overthrows Qin and develops its vast empire – Antiochus II occupied in the East with his so-called Anabasis (to c. – Construction of the 2,500 mile Great Wall of China begins in an attempt to keep out invading Mongols from the north Antiochus re-establishes Seleucid power in Asia Minor and blockades Achaeus in Sardis – Outbreak of the First Macedonian War (215-205) between Philip V and Rome. – Egyptian victory at Raphia (22 June) ends the Fourth Syrian War, and Egypt recovers Coele-Syria except for the port of Seleucia – Achaeus assumes the royal title in Asia Minor (to 214) – Outbreak of Fourth Syrian War (to 217), Antiochus III attacking and overrunning most of Coele-Syria
– Qin dynasty unites all of China for the first time Ptolemy III is succeeded (Dec.) by Ptolemy IV Philopator (to 204) – Revolt of Molon, who assumes the royal title (to 221) in Mesopotamia.
Achaeus on the latter's behalf re-establishes Seleucid power in Asia Minor against Pergamum – Seleucus III succeeded by Antiochus III the Great (to 187). (227?) – Colossus of Rhodes toppled in earthquake – Seleucus II succeeded by Seleucus III Soter (to 223) – Death of Antiochus Hierax Seleucus II recovers Asia Minor – Diodotus creates Graeco-Bactrian kingdom of Bactria (lasting to 100 B.C.), around which gravitate Sogdiana (to the north), Margiana (to the north-west) and Aria (in the west) – End of Third Syrian War leaves Ptolemy III in possession of much of the south coast of Asia as well as Syria Outbreak of the Third Syrian (or Laodicean) War (246-241) between Ptolemy III and Seleucus II – Antiochus II dies at Ephesus (summer) and is succeeded by Seleucus II Calinicus (246-226/5), but in Asia Minor by Antiochus Hierax (246-226).
ANCIENT WORLD TIME LINE FREE
– Parthians free themselves from Seleucid domination and Arsaces I founds dynasty east of the Caspian Sea – Death of Antiochus I (1 or 2 June) Antiochus II becomes sole king (261-246) – Antiochus II Theos associated king by his father – Rome begins exerting power over other Mediterranean countries – Red Sea canal (originally dug by Persian king Darius I, 500 B.C.) re-excavated by Ptolomies, facilitates Mediterranean trade with Indian Ocean region – Library of Alexandria built by Athenian exile Demetrius of Phaleron under the patronage of King Ptolemy I, with an annex set up some 60 years later Gandhara art type emerges and starts a new art style – Serindian Natural events and related information are indicated in color
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